ABSTRACT
A infertilidade pode ser definida como a incapacidade de se conseguir uma gravidez dentro de um determinado período ou a falha repetida em levar uma gravidez a termo. Os fatores mais comuns associados com o abortamento habitual são de ordem genética, hormonal ou anatômica. O aumento da heterocromatina encontrado nos cromossomos humanos autossomos 1, 9, 16 e no cromossomo sexual Y tem sido comumente definido como sendo uma variação da normalidade. Todavia, têm-se alguns relatos da frequência aumentada dessas alterações em pais de crianças com anomalias cromossômicas, casais com abortos recorrentes e em conceptos cromossomicamente anormais. Sabe-se que os genes responsáveis pela fertilidade e viabilidade são encontrados presentes na heterocromatina, sugerindo que tais variantes não podem ser ignoradas.(AU)
Infertility can be defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy within certain time frame, or the repetitive failure to carry pregnancy through completion. The most common factors associated with habitual abortion have a genetic, hormonal, or anatomical cause. The increase found in heterochromatin at chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 as well as in the sex chromosome Y has been implicated as a variation of normality. However, some reports have highlighted cases of children having chromosomal abnormalities from parents carrying a higher alteration frequency, cases of repetitive abortions, and also some chromosomal abnormal conceptions. It is known that genes for fertility and viability are now thought to reside in heterochromatin, which suggests that variants should not be ignored.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Heterochromatin/genetics , Chromosomes , Abortion , Infertility, Female , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic , CytogeneticsABSTRACT
Objetivo: avaliar homens de casais com infertilidade sem causa conhecida quanto à presença de danos no DNA espermático utilizando o Teste da Estrutura da Cromatina Espermática. Material e Métodos: foram analisadas 57 amostras do sêmen ejaculado quantificando-se IFD (índice de fragmentação do DNA) e CDE (coloração do DNA elevada). Resultados: levando-se em conta os valores de corte de 30% para IFD e 15% para CDE, 37% dos homens analisados têm danos no DNA espermático. Observando-se apenas o IFD maior que 30%, 19% dos homens são afetados, enquanto 14% são afetados observando-se apenas CDE maior que 15% e 4% apresentam os dois índices alterados. Conclusão: de acordo com os resultados obtidos, análise seminal convencional sem o complemento do teste da estrutura da cromatina espermática tem sua utilidade limitada.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Chromatin , DNA Fragmentation , Infertility, Male , Sperm Capacitation , SemenABSTRACT
In this retrospective study, 47 patients with clinical diagnosis of central nervous system metastases of breast cancer were evaluated by computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination. The patients were divided in 2 groups: 1, without leptomeningeal neoplasm and 2, with leptomeningeal neoplasm. In the group 2, the time interval between the primary disease and the central nervous system metastasis as well as the survival time were shorter than in group 1 (40 and 4.3 months in group 2 versus 57 and 10 months respectively, in group 1). In both groups the most common neurological symptons and signs were intracranial hypertension and motor deficits. The most sensitive diagnostic methods were CT and MRI in group 1, and the CSF examination in group 2. The use of the tumor markers CEA and CA-15.3 in the routine examination of CSF showed promissing results, mainly in leptomeningeal forms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/secondary , Arachnoid Cysts/diagnosis , Biomarkers, Tumor/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/cerebrospinal fluid , Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Os autores estudaram os anticorpos anticardiolipina (aCL) em pacientes com vasculites. Esses anticorpos foram detectados em seis de 15 pacientes com vasculite reumatóide, três de 29 com poliarterite nodosa, dois de nove com síndrome de Behcet, dois de quatro com arterite de células gigantes, um de seis com vasculite de Churg-Strauss e nenhum dos pacientes com granulomatose de Wegener ou púrpura de Henoch-Schönlein. Os autores discutem os possíveis mecanismos patogênicos desses anticorpos
Subject(s)
Humans , Antibodies, Anticardiolipin/analysis , Vasculitis/immunologyABSTRACT
In an attempt to find a serological marker for neuropsychiatric manifestations (NPM) of SLE sera from 66 patients (classified in three groups, according to their NPM - defined, probable and without NPM) were analysed by ELISA for IgG and antigalactocerebrosides antibodies. A strong correlation was found between IgM antigangliosides and antigalactocerebrosides antibodies and NPM, but not with IgG class. IgM and IgG antibodies anticardiolipin were not correlated with BPM in this study. Both IgM antigangliosides and seven patients with definid NPM but clinically inactive. The analysis of these autoantibodies showed an important role predictive for NPM in SLE; the negative test decreases the chance of the NPM